Cardiology is a medical specialty that addresses disorders related to the heart and the circulatory system. This field encompasses the medical diagnosis and treatment of various conditions, including congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, and electrophysiological issues. Physicians who practice in this area are known as cardiologists, a subspecialty within internal medicine. Pediatric cardiologists are those pediatricians who have further specialized in cardiology. Additionally, physicians who perform cardiac surgery are referred to as cardiothoracic surgeons or cardiac surgeons, which falls under the broader category of general surgery.